The H2020 FRAMEwork Project, officially titled 'Farmer Clusters for Realising Agrobiodiversity Management across Ecosystems,' was a research-in-action initiative (2020-2025) aimed at fostering biodiversity-sensitive farming. It explored pathways to enhance ecosystem services and biodiversity while mitigating agronomic and economic risks. The project brought together 18 research institutions, NGOs, and SMEs, establishing 11 Farmer Clusters across 10 European countries. These clusters, inspired by a successful UK network, served as 'living labs' for interdisciplinary research. The legacy of FRAMEwork continues through its open-access platform, Recodo, available at www.Recodo.io until 2030, and later archived at https://recodo.nodes.iiasa.ac.at/.

The FRAMEwork Project addressed the urgent challenges of biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation in the EU and UK. These challenges threaten both conservation efforts and ecosystem services vital to agriculture, as well as wider societal resilience. Farming practices are deeply intertwined with broader landscape ecologies. Studies in German nature reserves reveal a 75% decline in insect biomass since the 1990s, even in protected areas. Agricultural landscapes also play a pivotal role in environmental resilience against increasing drought, wildfires and flash flooding caused by man-made climate change. FRAMEwork also addressed important policy and innovation contexts. The EU’s latest Common Agricultural Policy, introduced in 2022 , places greater emphasis on environmentally sustainable farming and reflects a wider shift towards practices that combat growing ecological pressures. Many EU countries have implemented or are exploring voluntary and mandatory forms of collective land management that aim to scale-up positive impacts. Agri-tech and large-scale distributed data collection, including Citizen Science, are becoming more important to support these efforts in our age of big data and AI. In response, FRAMEwork adopted a bottom-up approach that explored voluntary farmer collaboration, training, peer learning and community engagement, while giving weight to local priorities. This helped the project co-develop practical solutions, evidence and tools that responded to current challenges while supporting agronomic and economic viability and assessing risks. By fostering and studying farming systems tailored to regional conditions and sustainability priorities, the project contributed to the EU’s green transition goals. It placed farmers and their communities at the centre of efforts to enhance biodiversity and ecosystem services, as well as research supporting these efforts.

Here's the situation in 10 facts: • Land-based food production represents ~40% of land use in the EU, 70% in the UK (1,(https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Land_use_statistics)2)(https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/united-kingdom-food-security-report-2021/united-kingdom-food-security-report-2021-theme-2-uk-food-supply-sources). • 50% of all species in the EU rely on agricultural habitats for survival (3)(https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/sustainability/environmental-sustainability/biodiversity_en). • 76% of agricultural habitats and 70% of their species have unfavorable conservation statuses (4)(https://environmentalevidencejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13750-022-00280-0) • Since 1990, populations of farmland birds and pollinators have declined by more than 30% (5)(https://op.europa.eu/webpub/eca/special-reports/biodiversity-13-2020/en/). • 27% of the EU's agroecosystems show degradation in at least three indicators (6)(https://biodiversity.europa.eu/europes-biodiversity/ecosystems/agroecosystems). • A staggering 61% of EU soils are in an unhealthy state, according to the EU Soil Observatory soil health dashboard (7)(https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/jrc-news-and-updates/new-tool-maps-state-soil-health-across-europe-2023-03-13_en). • Soil degradation affecting up to 73% of agricultural soils in the EU would mean erosion and drought causing increased crop losses and water management issues (8)(https://ieep.eu/publications/environmental-degradation-impacts-on-agricultural-production/). • Biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation makes agriculture more vulnerable to the impacts of global heating (9)(https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/8081962a-4ebe-4930-8a1f-63aab7cb449e/content). • Continuing pollinator decline could lead to a 25-32% reduction in the production of crops that depend on insect pollination (10)(https://ieep.eu/publications/environmental-degradation-impacts-on-agricultural-production/).