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A new paper authored by FRAMEwork researchers Laura Mansier and Paul van Rijn from University of Amsterdam   has been published in the  Journal of Applied Ecology .  Titled “Modelling Agricultural Landscape Complementation for Natural Pest Control”, the paper shares the dynamic model (and its results) that Laura, a PHD researcher at the Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED) of UVA, presented at several conferences earlier this year and in 2023 .  The model provides guidelines for optimising the landscape around fields for natural pest control, showing that natural pest control in agriculture is more promising if there are sufficient other landscape elements near a field that provide additional food for predatory insects. It also shows that it is good to grow several crops side by side that differ in growth period. With these measures, the model shows that pest density can be reduced by as much as 95%.  To find out what mix of factors is optimal to support year-round hoverflies in and around a field, Laura used a mathematical model to mimic the influence of landscape composition.  Paul van Rijn, IBED senior researcher and supervising co-author of the study, said:  “So-called landscape complementation is about designing the landscape in such a way that essential resources are available all season long. You can enhance sustainable agriculture by planting species that provide these. For this group of hoverflies, suitable flower species include buckwheat, different umbellifers and true chamomile. Hazel, field maple and guelder rose are examples of suitable trees and shrubs, because they flower early and host aphids.” An interesting result of the model, according to the authors, is also that the numbers of pests can fluctuate from year to year, even if the weather conditions in those years would be exactly the same. Laura says:  “If one of the elements is missing from the landscape, these multi-year fluctuations can become very large, so you find quite low pest densities in one year and suddenly very high in the next year. So, a well-designed landscape can provide lower and more stable pest densities over multiple years.” The Journal of Applied Ecology publishes novel, broad-reaching papers on the interface between ecological science and the management of the natural environment. It is part of the prestigious British Ecological Society portfolio.

This year’s meeting set out to strengthen and enlarge the REECAP community... We were pleased to share news last year of Osnabruck researcher Thomas Rellensmann receiving an award for his project research design at REECAP 2023. Thomas and his collagues recently returned to REECAP 2024. This year’s meeting, held at the Universidad de Córdoba from the 24th-26th September, set out to strengthen and enlarge the REECAP community and disseminate research and policy advice in the field of agricultural policy. Members enjoyed presentations from the fields of behavioural and experimental agricultural economics focused on CAP or related food systems policies, and FRAMEwork researchers Moritz Fritschle and Thomas Rellensmann from University of Osnabrück (UO)   were on hand to make an important contribution to these conversations.   The Research Network on Economic Experiments for the Common Agricultural Policy (REECAP) i s an EU-wide network founded in 2017 to contribute to the improvement of the EU’s Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). Their annual meeting brings together researchers, evaluators and policy makers interested in the use of economic experimental approaches for more evidence-based policy design and evaluation.  Having presented their work at LANDSCAPE 24   earlier in the month to a broader audience that included ecologists, geographers and political scientists, Moritz and Thomas now had the opportunity to speak to a specialist group of experimental economists focusing on agricultural issues. Sharing research with a diverse range of audiences in this way is a hallmark of FRAMEwork’s approach, expanding the real-world impact our insights can have.  Speaking to us fresh from the conference, Moritz said:  “The presentation of our FRAMEwork research work to other agricultural and experimental economists who also deal with the European Union and the CAP was a great opportunity to once again exchange ideas with experts in the research field. In particular, discussions on methodological issues were once again at the centre of attention at the REECAP Conference.” .  Moritz’s presentation was titled:"Farmer Identity influence on Farmers' Choices Between Public and Private Agri-Environmental Contracts".  Thomas’s presentation was titled "Do result-based payments work better for groups? An experiment with German farmers". Next year’s REECAP has already been announced  for 2nd-5th June 2025 in Leipzig, Germany.

A team from Osnabrück and the Czech University of Life Sciences represent the project at the LANDSCAPE Conference. The 17th-19th September saw the third LANDSCAPE Conference  take place in Berlin, for “anyone interested in the future of agriculture and the role of technological innovations and actors in driving sustainable change”.  This year’s conference looked to the future of agriculture, and the role of technology and actors in bringing about that future, with its theme: “Agroecosystems in Transformation: Visions, Technologies and Actors”​​​​​. Discussions were focussed on the synergies and trade-offs between different environmental goals such as preserving biodiversity, adapting to climate change, conserving soils and their functions, and reducing chemical inputs. FRAMEwork Insights Shared   Happily, representatives of FRAMEwork from our partner organisations Czech University of Life Sciences (CZU) and University of Osnabrück (UO)  were able to attend and share their FRAMEwork research.   As part of a session on “coordination and collaboration in AES at landscape level”, Iris Bohnet (CZU) shared the research she is working on alongside a team of FRAMEwork project participants. Her presentation was titled: “Farmer Clusters for transitioning to biodiversity sensitive farming across Europe – Insights from the FRAMEwork project”.  Thomas Rellensmann (UO) presented his work on "Combined result-based and collective agri-environmental schemes for landscape-scale benefits" in a session about collective payments. Moritz Fritschle (UO) organised a session called "Farmers’ decisions towards biodiversity friendly landscapes” alongside Kati Häfner from conference organiser ZALF .  For this, he was joined by members of our sister project SHOWCASE   to introduce SHOWCASE and FRAMEwork. Moritz also gave a presentation about the “Influence of behavioural economic factors on farmers' preferences for attributes of agri-environment programs: Evidence from Discrete Choice Experiments". We caught up with Moritz, who said:  "Presenting our joint research results to an interdisciplinary audience together with colleagues from our sister project SHOWCASE is a great pleasure for me, as we were able to get to know the connections between our research and present results to an interdisciplinary audience together.” Iris agreed, saying: “Landscape 2024 provided a great forum to present FRAMEwork results to an international audience, network with colleagues, and learn about the concerted research efforts conducted to achieve landscape scale improvements in agro-biodiversity.” LANDSCAPE is organised by Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF) , an NGO delivering solutions for an economically, environmentally and socially sustainable agriculture – together with society. ZALF conduct integrated systems research and develop sustainable crop systems; you can read more about their work in FELD  magazine.

Zeesterweg Cluster  farmers in the Netherlands help test a new toolkit to monitor biodiversity in arable farmland.  At FRAMEwork, we’re always looking to support new innovations in biodiversity agritech and to share their benefits with our network. It's also important to our project to work with existing NGOs and initatives across Europe with shared goals. In this spirit, Zeesterweg Cluster  farmers in the Netherlands recently joined forces with agricultural businesses across their region to help Earthwatch test a new toolkit to monitor biodiversity in arable farmland.  The Agricultural Biodiversity Watch (AB Watch) is being developed within the 'Farming with Nature' project   powered by Earthwatch, who say that the tool aims to:  “help farmers easily understand and record a baseline of biodiversity for their farms and to monitor how changes to their farming practices affects biodiversity.” Earthwatch is a European NGO dedicated to connecting people with nature and providing tools to affect positive change when it comes to protecting the environment. Their ‘Farming with Nature’ project supports farmers and agri-businesses to reimagine the way they farm and produce food.  Representatives of Earthwatch visited our Netherlands cluster earlier in the year to talk about their toolkits and invited the farmers to participate in the test phase of this new piece of tech. Boeren Natuur Flevoland  cooperative, an associate organisation of FRAMEwork in the region, also got involved and a range of agricultural businesses and companies signed up to undertake the trials.  Cluster facilitator Martine Schoone told us that engaging with the pilot allowed for: “participating farmers to become acquainted with self-monitoring and at the same time help to develop a good testing tool. This increases the chance that a toolkit will eventually be developed that can be widely used and that will be of use to farmers.”  You can find more info in Dutch here , and in English here . We look forward to seeing Earthwatch take the AB Watch forward, and for it to hopefully become a beneficial tool for farmers in our network.

FRAMEwork engages at Austria’s largest agricultural show... The third annual Biofeltage   (or Biofield Day), Austria’s largest agricultural show, took place on 24th and 25th May at the Esterhazy organic farm in Donnerskirchen. Esterhazy is part of the project's Burgenland Farmer Cluster and is a big player in high value biodiversity-sensitive farming in the region. Various farmers from the Burgenland Cluster attended, along with researchers from partner The University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU). Thanks to a series of fantastic workshops organised by our project partners, attendees were able to engage with FRAMEwork research. Marie-Luise Wohlmuth, organised a number of exhibitions and workshops around biodiversity and the FRAMEwork model.   Workshops included:  “Crop rotation circle - biodiversity in the field” “Understanding the soil with simple methods” “Discovering biodiversity on and below the soil surface” Exhibitions included: “Experience crop rotation circles” “Busy - busier - wild bees” “The earthworm (maintained)” “Humus Trend Scale "How does my crop rotation affect the soil”  This year’s diverse event programme featured more than 200 exhibitors from all agricultural sectors, over 100 moderated agricultural machinery demonstrations, 180 display plots, around 170 different program items from the most diverse areas of land management and culinary highlights, all designed to enable consumers and producers to experience organic farming up close.  Despite unfortunate weather conditions, a whopping 10,000 visitors turned out including, for the first time, 1000 children, who were entertained by a comprehensive educational programme in the large children’s area.  Project partners IIASA and TAL also attended: to hold a bioblitz with farmers and familes and capture interviews and footage of activities. So check out iNaturalist for observations and look out for videos featuring content from the event. Overall, the Biofeldtage 2024 was a hugely successful event the project was pleased return to . It once again proved the appetite for FRAMEwork's learnings and approaches within the wider agro-food community on the ground.

EMU Co-hosts the 69th World Ploughing Contest The World Ploughing Contest  is an annual event that brings together ploughing masters and spectators from around the world for an action-packed few days of competitive ploughing and agricultural activities.  This year, on August 16th and 17th, FRAMEwork project partner the Estonian University of Life Sciences (EMU)   co-hosted the 69th instalment of the event  in Tartu, as part of the European Capital of Culture Tartu 2024 program. The international event drew in 50 competitors from as far away as New Zealand, plus a crowd of ploughing and agriculture enthusiasts ready to cheer them on and sample the other entertainments on offer.  The contest took place at EMU’s Rõhu Garden, an experimental station for ornamental horticulture and vegetable trials and a training base for students, and the packed programme included plenty of opportunities for discussing biodiversity initiatives. Video © Saundland EMU introduced the FRAMEwork project with an exhibition stand and showcased biodiversity and soil digging demonstrations, plant cultivation experiments, and eco-friendly solutions like green asphalt and rain gardens. Visitors had the opportunity to interact with beneficial insects, emphasising the importance of functional biodiversity and several pop-up farm restaurants offered the opportunity to sample local produce.  Different agricultural approaches were on display, as companies showcased the latest equipment innovations alongside displays of vintage machinery and horse-ploughing demonstrations.  The event was supported by the Ministry of Regional Affairs and Agriculture in Estonia, and co-hosted by EMU, the Estonian Ploughing Association, and the Centre of Estonian Rural Research and Knowledge.  Thanks to EMU for such a fantastic event, and the opportunity to bring FRAMEwork learnings to new audiences, especially those following conventional farming practices with associated sustainability issues.

GWCT Take the project to the UK's premiere sustainable farming festival... We’re pleased to share that Dr Niamh McHugh, head of Farmland Ecology Research at FRAMEwork partner organisation the Game and Wildlife Conservation Trust   (GWCT), was able to represent the project at this year’s   Groundswell Regenerative Agriculture Festival  in Hertfordshire.  Held yearly, the popular festival provides a forum for farmers, growers, or anyone interested in food production and the environment to learn about the theory and practical applications of regenerative farming systems. It describes itself as ‘by farmers, for farmers” which is, of course, a philosophy we can get behind at FRAMEwork.  The festival describes itself as:  A practical show aimed at anyone who wants to understand the farmer’s core asset, the soil, and make better informed decisions. It is a two-day event featuring talks, forums and discussions from leading international soil health experts, experienced arable and livestock farmers, agricultural policy experts, direct-drill demonstrations and AgTech innovators.  This year’s event, held on the 28th and 29th June, sold out of tickets, attracting over 6500 attendees, with 75% either directly farming or involved in a farming enterprise. The theme centred on the question “what is regenerative agriculture” and was explored through talks, debated and demonstrations by experienced regenerative farmers, technical experts, researchers, policy-makers and NGOs. There was something for everyone, with some sessions designed for those at the start of their sustainable farming journey, and other advanced sessions covering topics like integrated pest and disease management or enhancing underground communications.  Niamh, whose research focuses on landscape-scale farmer collaboration, and the potential benefits this may have on farming systems and ecosystem health, was asked to join the panel of a session called “Sensing Change: Taxonomy or Technology”. She was joined by fellow panellists Dr Laura James of the AHDB, organic arable and dairy farmer Sophie Alexander, and arable LEAF demonstration farmer Patrick Barker. They explored questions like “does farmland have a lack of biodiversity OR a lack of biodiversity data?” and “Where does the value lie in biodiversity monitoring on-farm?” It was fantastic that Niamh was able to bring her expertise in empowering farmers to take control of their biodiversity data, and that much of the conversation revolved around farmer-led biodiversity monitoring.  Thank you to Niamh for representing the project’s research at such a great event.

FRAMEwork brings different stakeholders together ... On 26th June in Prague, a multi-stakeholder event co-organised by the project looked at how to combine ecology and productivity priorities in Czech farming. The workshop day saw farmers, researchers and policymakers invited to participate in a series of talks and demonstrations exploring the intersection between biodiversity and agricultural production.  The event was titled: Biodiversity and agricultural production: How to combine them most effectively? It was organised by FRAMEwork project participants in collaboration with the Insect Ecology team at the Czech University of Life Sciences (CULS) and the agricultural company VINagro. It was a great opportunity to present the project's learnings to a varied audience of producers, experts and government officials in Prague as well as open up wider discussions. Milan Daďourek from the Ministry of Agriculture (MZe) addressed current and future legislation related to non-productive biotopes. Martin Strobl from CULS and Jakub Vevera from VinAgro shared practical experiences from the field, focusing on the benefits and challenges of bio corridors and regenerative agriculture.  The Czech Ministry of Agriculture aims to promote multifunctional agriculture, emphasizing the preservation of non-productive biotopes like wetlands and forests. Their ambition is to balance agricultural output with ecosystem conservation, enhance biodiversity, and boost climate resilience. They're committed to supporting research that facilitates sustainable landscape management and environmental services. VINAgro, a Czech agricultural company founded in 1992, specializes in sustainable crop cultivation, farming services, and composting. Based in Prague, it's known for its eco-friendly practices and diverse agricultural operations. Biopas, more commonly known as a biotopes, are areas of distinct environmental conditions providing a living place for a specific assemblage of plants and animals. This fundamental ecological concept describes a distinct habitat with an associated community of species. From CULS and FRAMEwork, Michal Knapp discussed the rationalisation of agricultural landscapes using Ecologically-Informed Precision Conservation.  Meanwhile, Czech Organics ' Jan Trávníček, Farmer Cluster Facilitator of the FRAMEwork Czech Cluster Velké Hostěrádky, presented on project and Cluster progress. He also gave a talk on the creation of permanent non-productive biotopes in practice. FRAMEwork in Czechia is carrying out ecology and social sciences research and supporting a farmer Cluster in Southern Moravia. You can read more about their research and engagement work   here   and explore their Farmer Cluster here .   If you would like to follow their activities in Czech please visit their partner website . The event concluded with guided trips into the field to explore flowering biopas, offering insights into both biological and agronomic perspectives.  Thank you to our participants at CULS and Czech Organics for arranging this fantastic engagement opportunity.

Project outreach, including public engagement with the Digi-Farm Game... The Royal Highland Show 2022 took place between the 23rd – 26th June. The Convening partner of the Framework Project, The James Hutton Institute, had a tent on the showground with an interactive section offering outreach to farmers about the project. Read on below, or watch the above video... *** Dr Claire Hardy Social Researcher and Project Facilitator, James Hutton Institute Today we've been engaging with policymakers and stakeholders and talking to them about using the Digi-farm game to identify biodiversity. Farmers are really interested in biodiversity and this is an opportunity to learn whilst being entertained! We've used the climate positive farm at Glensaugh as inspiration for the digital farm that we've produced here creating a simulated environment on which to base the game. We're looking at the biodiversity and seeing how the farmers' perception of biodiversity might help them to decide different strategies for the future. Minister Malcolm Offord Scottish Businessman & Parliamentary Under Secretary of State to the Scotland Office, UK Government Agriculture is nowdays a high tech industry. For all that the roots go back thousands of years, those who put food on our tables today bring together ancient skills and wisdom, combining that now with the technologies of the 21st century, which of course is what is involved in The James Hutton Institute. Professor Colin Campbell Chief Executive of the James Hutton Institute That's our role as a scientific institution! To provide the scientific evidence for others to make the best possible decisions. We can't do that in our own. We very much rely on all of you. It [was] fabulous to see representatives here from the Scottish Government and the policy advisers and officials who help us in our research and help us to make sure that it's totally appropriate for policy. It's great to see people from the industry in the sectors that we serve who are here. They help us to target our research, to give them what they need and what they want. Dr Claire Hardy Social Researcher and Project Facilitator, James Hutton Institute The Digi-farm is available on several different platforms, including a standard laptop. You can also access it on your smartphone and use Google cardboard, giving you a full immersive virtual reality experience. The information hub will be launching in 2023 and it's very exciting that the Digi farm can be part of the launch.

Bringing project discussions of land abandonment, biodiversity, pest control and pollination to an International symposium... As a PhD candidate at the Estonian University of Life Sciences I participated in the international symposium “New IPM” at University of Swansea where I discussed the relevance of land abandonment on the biodiversity and how it affects pest control and pollination in nearby fields and also introduced project as whole. The international symposium considers how Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is undergoing rapid changes as modern technologies like electronic sensors, robotic crop inspectors and drones are becoming normalised in crop production both in protected and arable settings. The conference brought together everybody involved in the agribusiness chain to present and discuss new innovations and how they are being implemented in crop protection. It was a unique event that convened industrialists and leading researchers to share approaches and experiences in this strategic domain. It was the first time I had the opportunity to present in person, to an international audience. In my presentation, I addressed how the landscape surrounding agricultural fields affect both pest and beneficial insect and the spatiotemporal effects on them. I introduced the FrameWork project and WP4 task that concentrates on the effects of abandoned agricultural areas. I plan to include this task also into my PhD thesis. Attending the symposium on the one hand gave me new knowledge and ideas in the integrated pest management field that can be implemented here in Estonia or into the project and on the other hand make connections with people all around the world, who share the same interests, beliefs and want to conserve biodiversity in the agricultural sector. In my opinion, exchanging thoughts and ideas is an important part of development in different areas of life– either personal, business sector, academia or general society. Sessions covered themes like: IPM Challenges and Solutions, New Products and Strategies, Botanicals, Semiochemicals, Pest Monitoring, Orchard & Field Crop IPM Microbial BCAs, Remote Sensing and UAVs, Computational Science, Multifunctional Microbes and Decision Making and Planning. Following the symposium there was a free Collaborative R&D Funding Support Networking Day organised by Swansea University’s Research and Innovation Services and supported by SCoRE Cymru, this free networking session offered an opportunity for Welsh industry and academia to network with international partners. The focus of the symposium was on funding opportunities from UK and EU sources, in particular Horizon Europe Cluster 6 (Food, Bioeconomy, Natural Resources, Agriculture, and Environment) and related calls around plant health, resilient infrastructure and low risk pesticides. The conference was an excellent opportunity for researchers, technologists and end users to hear from others working in the field and to exchange ideas.

Framework took part in an Austrian Agricultural Exposition to swap ideas and present the activities of our Burgenland Farmer Cluster... WP3 Lead Gerid Hager from the International Institute of Systems Analysis and Framework members from project partner BOKU University Of Life Sciences, Vienna, attended Esterhazy Biofeldtage 2021. The Biofeldtage runs organic field days that: "...are a meeting point for professionals in the fields of organic and conventional agriculture, as well as for consumers interested in the sector. Farmers can find out about the latest developments in land technology, plant cultivation, and animal husbandry, while consumers can trace the path of their food from field to plate and enjoy the wide variety of products available from regional organic farmers. With a varied programme of fringe events, including presentations on machinery and techniques, an animal show, tips and tricks for organic gardeners, children’s events with their own dedicated zones, to name but a few, the Organic Field Days will be a sure-fire action-packed hit for young and old alike." This year they report: "More than 11,000 people (2018: approx. 8,000 people) - producers as well as consumers - met on the 6th and 7th August 2021 for the dialogue on organic agriculture at the Esterhazy organic estate in Donnerskirchen. After intensive preparation time lasting several years, it is particularly pleased that the Biofeldtage 2021 could be organized in this form this year according to the motto "live instead of just virtual" with over 190 exhibitors (2018: 150) and thus successfully implemented machine demonstrations, variety show and a colorful supporting program. As part of the two-day event, farms and interested consumers were invited to deepen and exchange their knowledge of organic farming on the approximately 70ha area. More than 160 event points as well as a unique cultural and variety show with a total of 180 show parcels inspired trade visitors and consumers. Under the motto: from the field to the plate there was an outdoor show kitchen, where knowledge was passed on by renowned chefs and bakers. Furthermore, there were live machine demonstrations with more than 100 agricultural machinery in practical use. The livestock breed show was heavily frequented: From "A" for Angus to "Z" for Zackelschaf. The varied and thematically coordinated children's program, in turn, inspired younger visitors." Text from https://www.biofeldtage.at Find out more by clicking the button below...

Project delegation convene a session at ESP Europe 2022 A Framework delegation represented the project at the 4th Europe Conference of the Ecosystem Services Partnership in Heraklion, Greece between 10-14 October. The theme of the conference was Ecosystem Services Empowering People and Societies in Times of Crises . It was a fantastic opportunity to contribute to this topic drawing on the project's expertise, perspectives and work to date. As well as a chance to raise the profile of Framework and talk to the wide range of attendees from diverse backgrounds interested in how Natural Capital is valued: scientifically, economically, socially and culturally. The project's session was convened by Simone Martino, Senior Researcher in Valuing Natural Capital at Hutton and Dr Benedetto Rugani, Senior Research & Technology Associate in Environmental Sustainability Analysis at the Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology. Dr Graham Begg, Project Coordinator at The James Hutton Institute gave the audience an overview of Framework's activities researching how to better value land-based producers' Natural Capital, as well as working with farmer clusters on the ground, and bringing together stakeholders in our food system. He found the event valuable as an opportunity to meet and touch base with the Ecosystems Research community and explore the latest developments and share ideas, reporting: The team from FRAMEwork went to Crete with the intention of sharing our take on the importance of natural capital and ecosystem services in agricultural systems, and the way in which a collective approach to management at the landscape scale could help to conserve them. In return, we were delighted by the level of interest received and the thoughtful and enthusiastic engagement that came from the ESP community. When not discussing FRAMEwork directly, we were able to listen to the many, many excellent talks that made up the rich and comprehensive programme. We went away confident in the importance of the questions we are addressing and the value of the approaches being taken but also invigorated by the potential of new ideas. Dr Niamh McHugh, Lead of Work Package Two: Advanced Farmer Clusters, provided more information on our clusters active across different regions and sectors of land-based food production. Simone Martino discussed integrating Natural Capital in socio-ecological farm systems for gaining sustainability and wellbeing in EU farmer clusters and invited presenters to contribute from outside the project. Gerid Hager, lead of WP3 at The International Institute For Advanced Systems Analysis spoke about the role of citizen science in supporting farmers and rural communities develop and leverage data-rich understandings of their natural resources. Annely Holm, a Farmer and Ecologist at the Estonian University of Life Sciences, presented on Restoring the connectivity of seminatural grasslands on Muhu island, Estonia, through the LIFE project connecting meadows. Theo Simmons from Taskscape Associates , Project Partner for Communication, Participation and Knowledge Exchange, drew on media interviews with project farmers to share perspectives and learnings on communicating about Natural Capital's value in our Agrifood system. The sessions attendees were engaged by the topics and the project's work. An interesting panel discussion featuring speakers and members of the project ended the session. A recording of the panel discussion was made as part of media capture at the conference for outputs including a Foodlands Podcast Special Episode on Natural Capital. Audience members ranged from farmers, sector veterans and early career social and life scientists working to move knowledge and collaboration in these areas forward and to inform policy. We're grateful to them for responding to the ambitions and interdisciplinary workings of Framework and asking excellent questions from their different perspectives. As the ESP write: The science of ecosystem services has come of age globally. The data revolution of the last decades has allowed us to measure, quantify, model, and map human-nature interactions; yet to use all this information to support public and private decision-making remains a challenge. The latest compounded global crises – humanitarian, military, financial, environmental, and the COVID pandemic – highlighted the potential and limitations of individuals and communities to advance social-economic support, social-ecological resilience and adaptation to changes.